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3.2 Medical Biotechnology — Test 1
Q1. Gene therapy is the treatment of disease by:✓ Introducing a functional gene to correct a genetic defect
Q2. Somatic gene therapy differs from germ-line gene therapy in that somatic therapy:✓ Affects only the patient's body cells and is not inherited
Q3. The first recombinant pharmaceutical protein, produced in bacteria, was:✓ Human insulin
Q4. Common vectors used to deliver genes in gene therapy include:✓ Viruses (e.g. retrovirus, adenovirus, AAV) and liposomes
Q5. The first successful human gene therapy treated a form of severe combined immunodeficiency caused by deficiency of the enzyme:✓ Adenosine deaminase (ADA)
Q6. A DNA vaccine works by introducing into the body a:✓ Plasmid encoding an antigen, so the body makes the antigen itself
Q7. The hepatitis B vaccine in wide use is a recombinant vaccine made from:✓ A surface antigen produced by genetically engineered yeast
Q8. Genetic counselling is a service that:✓ Advises individuals/families about risks of inherited disorders
Q9. Prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders can be carried out using:✓ Amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling
Q10. Monoclonal antibodies are increasingly used as therapeutics because they can:✓ Bind a specific target with high precision
Q11. Ex-vivo gene therapy involves:✓ Removing the patient's cells, modifying them, then returning them
Q12. A serious risk historically associated with retroviral gene-therapy vectors is:✓ Insertional mutagenesis (disrupting host genes)
Q13. Recombinant Factor VIII, a product of medical biotechnology, is used to treat:✓ Haemophilia A
Q14. An edible vaccine is produced by engineering a plant to:✓ Express an antigen that immunises when the plant is eaten
Q15. Pharmacogenomics is the study of how a person's genome affects their:✓ Response to drugs
Q16. RNA interference (RNAi) and antisense approaches treat disease by:✓ Silencing the expression of a specific target gene
Q17. CAR-T cell therapy treats certain cancers by:✓ Engineering a patient's T cells to recognise and kill cancer cells
Q18. Recombinant human growth hormone is used to treat:✓ Growth-hormone deficiency (e.g. some forms of dwarfism)
Q19. In-vivo gene therapy delivers the therapeutic gene:✓ Directly into the patient's body (e.g. by injection of a vector)
Q20. Match each medical-biotechnology item with its description and select the correct option.✓ A-iii, B-i, C-ii, D-iv