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2.1 Heart Anatomy — Test 1
Q1. The first heart sound ('lub') is produced when:✓ The atrioventricular valves close
Q2. The aortic (a semilunar) valve functions to:✓ Prevent backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle
Q3. The mitral valve of the mammalian heart is also known as the:✓ Bicuspid valve
Q4. The left atrioventricular aperture is controlled by the:✓ Bicuspid valve
Q5. The left side of the heart is responsible for pumping:✓ Oxygenated blood to the body
Q6. The sinus venosus in the mammalian heart is fused (incorporated) with the:✓ Right atrium
Q7. In the human heart, the Thebesian valve is present in the:✓ Coronary sinus
Q8. The chamber of the human heart with the thickest muscular wall is the:✓ Left ventricle
Q9. The left atrium of the heart receives blood from the:✓ Lungs (pulmonary veins)
Q10. In the mammalian heart, the right atrioventricular opening is guarded by the:✓ Tricuspid valve
Q11. The myogenic nature of the vertebrate heart means that the heartbeat:✓ Originates within the cardiac muscle itself
Q12. The pacemaker of the mammalian heart is the:✓ Sinoatrial (SA) node
Q13. The wall of the heart's myocardium is composed of:✓ Cardiac muscle (striated, involuntary, branching)
Q14. The fibrous skeleton of the heart functions mainly to:✓ Anchor the valves and electrically insulate atria from ventricles
2.1 Heart Anatomy — Test 2
Q15. In fish, the heart is two-chambered and contains:✓ Only deoxygenated blood (single circulation)
Q16. Complete separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood with a four-chambered heart is found in:✓ Birds and mammals
Q17. The coronary circulation supplies blood to the:✓ Heart muscle (myocardium) itself
Q18. The interventricular septum of the heart serves to:✓ Separate the right and left ventricles
Q19. The outermost protective covering of the heart is the:✓ Pericardium
Q20. In the human heart, blood from the body's systemic veins first enters the:✓ Right atrium
Q21. The valves between the atria and ventricles are prevented from turning inside-out during systole by the:✓ Chordae tendineae and papillary muscles
Q22. The 'lub-dub' heart sounds correspond respectively to closure of the:✓ AV valves (lub) and semilunar valves (dub)
Q23. The chamber that pumps blood into the pulmonary artery toward the lungs is the:✓ Right ventricle
Q24. Cardiac muscle cells are joined end-to-end by specialised junctions called:✓ Intercalated discs
Q25. The blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart is the:✓ Pulmonary vein
Q26. A heart described as 'neurogenic' (as in many arthropods) differs from the vertebrate heart in that its beat is:✓ Initiated by nervous (ganglionic) stimulation
Q27. The endocardium is the:✓ Inner endothelial lining of the heart chambers