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3.2 Pulmonary Ventilation — Test 1
Q1. Hyperventilation causes which changes in arterial blood?✓ Decreased CO₂ and increased pH (respiratory alkalosis)
Q2. The functional residual capacity (FRC) of the lungs is equal to:✓ Expiratory reserve volume plus residual volume
Q3. The maximum volume of air that can be taken in during a forced inspiration (from the resting end-expiratory level) is the:✓ Inspiratory capacity
Q4. The volume of air inspired or expired with each normal (resting) breath is the:✓ Tidal volume
Q5. If vital capacity = 4900 mL, tidal volume = 500 mL and inspiratory reserve volume = 3300 mL, the expiratory reserve volume is:✓ 1100 mL
Q6. Hypopnea is characterised by:✓ Abnormally shallow or slow breathing (reduced ventilation)
Q7. Which is TRUE in respiratory acidosis?✓ CO₂ retention lowers blood pH below 7.35
Q8. The expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is the volume of air that:✓ Can be forcibly exhaled after a normal expiration
Q9. The largest of the following lung measurements is the:✓ Vital capacity
Q10. If external intercostal muscles (which raise the ribs) are damaged, the volumes most affected are those used in:✓ Forced/deep inspiration
Q11. During quiet inspiration, the intrapleural (intrathoracic) pressure becomes:✓ More negative, drawing air into the lungs
Q12. The residual volume of the lung is the air that:✓ Remains in the lungs after a maximal forced expiration
Q13. Total lung capacity is the sum of:✓ Vital capacity and residual volume
3.2 Pulmonary Ventilation — Test 2
Q14. During quiet (resting) expiration, the process is mainly:✓ Passive (elastic recoil of the lungs and chest)
Q15. Airway resistance to airflow in the lungs is greatest in the:✓ Medium-sized bronchi
Q16. The volume of air that reaches the alveoli for gas exchange (alveolar ventilation) is the tidal volume minus the:✓ Dead space volume
Q17. Vital capacity is best defined as the:✓ Maximum air exhaled after a maximal inspiration
Q18. At the end of a normal quiet expiration, the air remaining in the lungs is the:✓ Functional residual capacity
Q19. The main muscle of inspiration, which flattens when it contracts, is the:✓ Diaphragm
Q20. Quiet expiration is mainly:✓ Passive (elastic recoil of lungs and chest)
Q21. The volume of air moved in and out in a normal quiet breath is the:✓ Tidal volume
Q22. The air remaining in the lungs after a maximal forced expiration is the:✓ Residual volume
Q23. Surfactant in the alveoli helps breathing by:✓ Lowering surface tension and preventing alveolar collapse
Q24. During inspiration, the pressure inside the thoracic cavity becomes:✓ More negative, drawing air in
Q25. The maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after the deepest possible inhalation is the:✓ Vital capacity