Quick revision: every question with its correct answer. For the full explanation, open the relevant test and tap View Solution.
4.1 Digestive Overview — Test 1
Q1. Saliva helps in the partial digestion of:✓ Starch
Q2. The enzyme present in human saliva is:✓ Ptyalin (salivary amylase)
Q3. Ptyalin is secreted by the:✓ Salivary glands
Q4. The average daily volume of saliva secreted by humans is about:✓ 1000–1500 mL
Q5. The salivary gland–duct pairing is correct as: Parotid – Stensen's duct; Submandibular – Wharton's duct. This is:✓ Correct
Q6. Argentaffin (enteroendocrine) cells are present mainly in the mucosa of the:✓ Small intestine
Q7. Compound tubular glands found in the submucosa of the duodenum are:✓ Brunner's glands
Q8. Crypts of Lieberkühn are present in the:✓ Small intestine (and duodenum)
Q9. The glands of Brunner and of Lieberkühn are characteristic of the mammalian:✓ Small intestine
Q10. Intrinsic factor, needed for vitamin B12 absorption, is secreted by the:✓ Oxyntic (parietal) cells of the stomach
Q11. Rugae (folds that allow expansion) are found in the:✓ Stomach
Q12. The mucin that lubricates food and eases its movement down the gut is secreted by:✓ Goblet (and mucous) cells of the gut lining
Q13. For the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins in the alimentary canal, there must be:✓ Fat and bile salts present
Q14. Compared with herbivores, the intestine of carnivores is generally:✓ Shorter and less convoluted
Q15. A key difference between herbivorous and carnivorous mammals is that herbivores typically have:✓ A longer gut and larger caecum for cellulose digestion
4.1 Digestive Overview — Test 2
Q16. The liver is situated in the:✓ Abdominal cavity (upper right)
Q17. The first part of the small intestine, which receives bile and pancreatic juice, is the:✓ Duodenum
Q18. The main function of the large intestine (colon) in mammals is the:✓ Reabsorption of water and electrolytes
Q19. The enzyme in saliva that begins starch digestion is:✓ Salivary amylase (ptyalin)
Q20. The wall of the gastrointestinal tract has, from inside out, the layers:✓ Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
Q21. The movement of food along the gut by waves of muscle contraction is called:✓ Peristalsis
Q22. Chewing (mastication) aids digestion mainly by:✓ Increasing the surface area of food for enzymes
Q23. The muscular tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach is the:✓ Oesophagus
Q24. Saliva also helps in swallowing by:✓ Lubricating and binding food into a bolus
Q25. The three pairs of major salivary glands include the parotid, submandibular and:✓ Sublingual glands
Q26. Digestion in the mouth is mainly:✓ Mechanical, with some starch digestion
Q27. The flap that prevents food from entering the windpipe during swallowing is the:✓ Epiglottis
Q28. The largest gland in the human body, which secretes bile, is the:✓ Liver
Q29. The semi-digested, acidic food leaving the stomach is called:✓ Chyme
Q30. The function of the gastrointestinal tract's muscularis layer is to:✓ Produce movements (peristalsis and segmentation)