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7.3 Tubular Function — Test 1
Q1. Urea is synthesised mainly in the:✓ Liver
Q2. Blood leaving the liver is typically richest in urea because the liver:✓ Synthesises urea from ammonia (urea cycle)
Q3. The loop of Henle is found in the nephrons of:✓ Mammals (and birds)
Q4. Mammals can produce concentrated (hypertonic) urine mainly because of the:✓ Loop of Henle (countercurrent system)
Q5. Most reabsorption of glucose, amino acids and the bulk of water and salts occurs in the:✓ Proximal convoluted tubule
Q6. The part of the renal tubule that does NOT reabsorb water (being impermeable to it) is the:✓ Ascending limb of the loop of Henle
Q7. The hormone ADH (antidiuretic hormone) increases water reabsorption by acting on the:✓ Collecting duct (and distal tubule)
Q8. The substance secreted into the tubule (and absent from the glomerular filtrate) includes:✓ Hydrogen ions and potassium ions
Q9. The presence of glucose in the urine (glycosuria) typically indicates:✓ Diabetes mellitus (blood glucose above reabsorption capacity)
Q10. The countercurrent multiplier system that concentrates urine operates in the:✓ Loop of Henle and the medulla
Q11. The plasma level of which substance is commonly used to assess kidney function?✓ Creatinine
Q12. The main excretory product of the frog (an amphibian) is:✓ Urea
Q13. A kidney stone (renal calculus) is:✓ A hard deposit of crystallised salts in the kidney
Q14. The average pH of human urine is about:✓ 6.0 (slightly acidic)
Q15. Tubular reabsorption of sodium is largely an ____ process, while water often follows ____:✓ Active; passively by osmosis
Q16. Glycosuria with ketonuria together strongly suggest:✓ Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
Q17. The hormone aldosterone increases the reabsorption of:✓ Sodium (and the secretion of potassium)
Q18. The final concentration of urine is adjusted mainly in the:✓ Collecting duct (under ADH control)
Q19. Most of the glucose, amino acids and water in the filtrate are reabsorbed in the:✓ Proximal convoluted tubule
Q20. The hormone ADH increases the water permeability of the:✓ Collecting duct