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7.4 Micturition & Homeostasis — Test 1
Q1. The main factor that moves urine from the kidney into the urinary bladder is:✓ Peristalsis of the ureters
Q2. Micturition (urination) is the process of:✓ Emptying urine from the bladder
Q3. The enzyme produced by the kidney that cleaves angiotensinogen to begin blood-pressure regulation is:✓ Renin
Q4. A key component of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system is the:✓ Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) cells
Q5. The normal pH of human blood is about:✓ 7.4
Q6. The most important buffer system of the blood is the:✓ Carbonic acid–bicarbonate system
Q7. Metabolic acidosis is associated with a decreased plasma level of:✓ Bicarbonate
Q8. A diabetic patient with metabolic acidosis often shows deep, rapid breathing (Kussmaul breathing) because:✓ The body blows off CO₂ to compensate for the acidosis
Q9. After severe diarrhoea, plasma potassium may fall (hypokalaemia) because:✓ Potassium is lost in the watery stool
Q10. The hormone that regulates water reabsorption to control blood volume and concentration is:✓ Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Q11. The muscular sac that stores urine before it is voided is the:✓ Urinary bladder
Q12. Excess hydrogen ions in the blood (acidosis) are excreted mainly by the:✓ Kidneys (and lungs via CO₂)
Q13. Aldosterone helps regulate blood pressure by promoting the reabsorption of:✓ Sodium and water
Q14. The micturition reflex is triggered by:✓ Stretching of the bladder wall as it fills
Q15. Electrolyte balance in the body (e.g. of sodium and potassium) is regulated mainly by the:✓ Kidneys (with hormonal control)
Q16. When the body is dehydrated, ADH secretion ____ and the urine becomes ____:✓ Increases; more concentrated
Q17. Blood volume and pressure are raised in the long term partly by the kidney through:✓ Salt and water retention via the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
Q18. The acid–base balance of the blood is maintained by the combined action of buffers, the lungs and the:✓ Kidneys