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8.2 Stress & Adaptation — Test 1
Q1. The internal stability of the body's environment that physiology maintains is called:✓ Homeostasis
Q2. The concept of the constant internal environment (milieu intérieur) was proposed by:✓ Claude Bernard
Q3. The general adaptation syndrome describing the body's response to stress was proposed by:✓ Hans Selye
Q4. The three stages of the general adaptation syndrome are, in order:✓ Alarm, resistance, exhaustion
Q5. The 'fight or flight' response to acute stress is mediated mainly by:✓ The sympathetic nervous system and adrenaline
Q6. During the longer-term response to stress, the adrenal cortex releases:✓ Cortisol (a glucocorticoid)
Q7. At high altitude, the body adapts over days mainly by:✓ Increasing red blood cell production (via erythropoietin)
Q8. Physiological adaptation differs from acclimatisation in that adaptation is usually:✓ A genetic, heritable change over generations
Q9. Diving mammals such as seals are adapted to long dives by having:✓ High myoglobin levels and a strong dive reflex
Q10. The 'rest and digest' state, opposing the stress response, is promoted by the:✓ Parasympathetic nervous system
Q11. A negative feedback mechanism in homeostasis works to:✓ Counteract a change and restore the set point
Q12. Sweating in response to a rise in body temperature is an example of:✓ Negative feedback control
Q13. Chronic (long-term) stress can be harmful because persistently high cortisol may:✓ Suppress immunity and raise blood pressure
Q14. An animal that survives extreme desiccation by entering a dormant, low-metabolism state shows:✓ Cryptobiosis / dormancy as an adaptation
Q15. Homeostatic regulation generally requires a receptor, a control centre and a(n):✓ Effector
Q16. Blood glucose is kept stable mainly by the opposing actions of:✓ Insulin and glucagon
Q17. The body's response that maintains a stable internal temperature, glucose level and pH together illustrates:✓ The coordinated nature of homeostasis