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1.1 Potency & Cell Fate — Test 1
Q1. In an early embryonic transplantation experiment, prospective skin cells transferred near future muscle cells still differentiate into skin. Such a cell is best termed:✓ Determined
Q2. In regulative development, the prospective potency of a cell is:✓ Greater than its prospective fate
Q3. If a cell has committed to a particular fate during development, it is said to be:✓ Determined
Q4. A cell or tissue is said to be 'determined' when it:✓ Differentiates autonomously even when placed in a different region of the embryo
Q5. The conversion of one differentiated cell type directly into another by activating a different set of transcription factors is called:✓ Trans-differentiation
Q6. Prospective potency of a cell refers to:✓ The total range of fates a cell is capable of giving rise to
Q7. Prospective fate of a cell is defined as:✓ What the cell will normally become during undisturbed development
Q8. When prospective neurons from an EARLY frog gastrula are transplanted into the prospective epidermis, they become epidermis; from a LATE gastrula they become neurons. This shows that the early cells were only:✓ Specified (but not yet determined)
Q9. Differentiation differs from determination in that differentiation is:✓ The visible expression of a cell's specialised structure and function
Q10. Genomic equivalence means that:✓ Nearly all somatic cells of an organism carry the same complete genome
Q11. The cloning of Dolly the sheep from an adult cell demonstrated that:✓ A differentiated nucleus retains all the genetic information for full development
Q12. A cell that can form ALL cell types of the body plus the extra-embryonic tissues (a whole organism) is:✓ Totipotent
Q13. A cell able to form all the cell types of the embryo proper, but NOT the extra-embryonic tissues, is:✓ Pluripotent
Q14. During development, potency generally:✓ Becomes progressively restricted as cells commit
Q15. A multipotent cell is one that can give rise to:✓ A limited number of related cell types
Q16. The fate map of an embryo shows:✓ Which adult structures each early region will normally form
Q17. Commitment of a cell occurs in two steps, in the order:✓ Specification, then determination
Q18. The phenomenon by which a cell's developmental options are restricted is broadly called:✓ Commitment
Q19. Which statement about determination and differentiation is correct?✓ Determination is a stable commitment that precedes visible differentiation