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8.6 Reproductive Dysfunctions — Test 1
Q1. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is commonly associated with:✓ Elevated androgens, irregular ovulation and multiple ovarian cysts
Q2. Azoospermia means:✓ Complete absence of sperm in the semen
Q3. Oligospermia refers to:✓ A low sperm count in the semen
Q4. Cryptorchidism (undescended testis) can impair fertility because:✓ The higher abdominal temperature damages spermatogenesis
Q5. Endometriosis is a condition in which:✓ Endometrial-like tissue grows outside the uterus
Q6. Erectile or ovulatory dysfunction, blocked tubes and low sperm count are all examples of causes of:✓ Infertility
Q7. Hypogonadism refers to:✓ Reduced functional activity of the gonads (low sex hormones/gametes)
Q8. In primary hypogonadism (gonadal failure), the levels of FSH and LH are usually:✓ Elevated (due to loss of negative feedback)
Q9. Klinefelter syndrome (XXY) typically causes male infertility because it leads to:✓ Testicular failure with reduced sperm production
Q10. Turner syndrome (XO) in females usually causes infertility because of:✓ Ovarian dysgenesis (streak ovaries)
Q11. A varicocele can reduce male fertility because it:✓ Raises testicular temperature and impairs spermatogenesis
Q12. Amenorrhea is defined as:✓ The absence of menstruation
Q13. Hyperprolactinemia (excess prolactin) can cause infertility by:✓ Suppressing GnRH and thus ovulation/spermatogenesis
Q14. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) can cause female infertility mainly by:✓ Scarring and blocking the fallopian tubes
Q15. Asthenospermia (asthenozoospermia) refers to:✓ Reduced sperm motility
Q16. Primary ovarian insufficiency (premature ovarian failure) is the loss of ovarian function before age:✓ 40
Q17. Sertoli-cell-only syndrome (germ-cell aplasia) typically shows:✓ Azoospermia with elevated FSH and low inhibin-B
Q18. Many reproductive dysfunctions can be diagnosed by measuring:✓ Hormone levels (FSH, LH, testosterone, oestrogen, prolactin) and gamete quality
Q19. A blocked or absent vas deferens causes infertility because it:✓ Prevents sperm from reaching the ejaculate (obstructive azoospermia)
Q20. Overall, reproductive dysfunctions can arise from problems at the level of the:✓ Hypothalamus, pituitary, gonads or reproductive tract