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1.2 Abiotic Factors & Niche — Test 2
Q1. The tendency for body mass within a warm-blooded species to increase with latitude (larger bodies in colder regions) is known as:✓ Bergmann's rule
Q2. Allen's rule states that animals adapted to cold regions tend to have:✓ Shorter extremities (ears, limbs, tails)
Q3. Birds in the tropics are often smaller-bodied than their temperate relatives, which helps them to:✓ Increase the surface-area-to-volume ratio for heat loss
Q4. The positive association between average individual fitness and population size over some range is known as the:✓ Allee effect
Q5. Individuals adapted to a particular habitat phenotypically (but not genotypically) are called:✓ Ecophenes
Q6. The same species of moss showing different phenotypes adapted to different altitudes (with a genetic basis) represents:✓ Ecotypes
Q7. A bird species shows differences in beak size only where it lives together with a competing species. This is an example of:✓ Character displacement
Q8. The clearest example of character displacement is when:✓ Two species have very similar body sizes when allopatric, but one becomes smaller where they are sympatric
Q9. A group of species that exploit the same class of resources in a similar way is called a:✓ Guild
Q10. The Hutchinsonian concept of the ecological niche is based on:✓ An n-dimensional hypervolume of environmental conditions and resources
Q11. Gause's competitive exclusion principle states that:✓ Two species with identical niches cannot coexist indefinitely
Q12. Two barnacle species occupy different intertidal strata. When the lower species is experimentally removed, the upper species expands into the lower zone. This shows that the upper zone normally occupied by the upper species is its:✓ Realised niche
Q13. When three bird species with similar habitat and diet preferences coexist, the most likely situation is that:✓ Their fundamental niches are greater than their realised niches
Q14. Under which interaction can a species' realised niche actually be LARGER than its fundamental niche?✓ Mutualism
Q15. The coexistence of several bird species in the same area is most likely under:✓ Low niche overlap and high niche differentiation
Q16. Stenohaline organisms are those that can tolerate:✓ A narrow range of salinities
Q17. The main limiting factor for primary production in the open sea is:✓ Low nutrient availability
Q18. Which set lists only abiotic factors?✓ Temperature, rainfall, pH, nutrients
Q19. A condition that allows more than one species to occupy a very similar niche is:✓ An abundance of resources
Q20. Match each concept with its description and select the correct option.✓ A-ii, B-iii, C-i, D-iv