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1.3 Survivorship & Life Tables โ Test 3
Q1. A Type III survivorship curve, with very high early mortality, is shown by:โ Pelagic (open-water) fishes
Q2. The average number of female offspring produced by a female during her lifetime is called the:โ Net reproductive rate (R0)
Q3. Given survival and fertility data โ season 0: survival 1.0, fertility 0; season 1: survival 0.5, fertility 20; season 2: survival 0, fertility 0 โ the net reproductive rate (R0) is:โ 10
Q4. A population has a Leslie matrix L = [[0, 4, 3], [0.5, 0, 0], [0, 0.3, 0]]. With 10 individuals in each of the three age classes, the total population in the next time step is:โ 78
Q5. With a net reproductive rate R0 = 1.5 and a starting female population of 500, the population after four generations is:โ 2531.250
Q6. A perennial (long-lived) tree habit is favoured under conditions of:โ Low survival during the sapling stage but high survival during adulthood
Q7. Two species are sampled across quadrats. Species 1 has mean 16.2 and variance 48; species 2 has mean 3.6 and variance 3.2. Their distributions are:โ Species 1 clumped, species 2 random
Q8. Three species have these density mean and variance: A (5.3, 5.05), B (7.0, 50.4), C (55.3, 50.5). Their spatial distributions are:โ A random, B clumped, C uniform
Q9. Patch 1 covers 2000 mยฒ with a resource density of 5 units/mยฒ; patch 2 covers 3000 mยฒ with 10 units/mยฒ. Under the ideal-free distribution, the ratio of consumers in patch 1 to patch 2 is:โ 1 : 3
Q10. A Type I survivorship curve (low juvenile mortality, death concentrated in old age) is typical of:โ Large mammals such as humans and elephants
Q11. The survivorship curves a (elephants), b (lizards) and c (oysters) correspond respectively to types:โ I, II and III
Q12. If age-specific mortality and natality become constant in every age group, then within any cohort the increase or decrease becomes:โ Independent of other cohorts
Q13. A population age structure with few pre-reproductive individuals and many post-reproductive individuals represents a population that is:โ Declining
Q14. A life history characterised by many small offspring with high early mortality corresponds to which survivorship type?โ Type III
Q15. In an age-structured population, the variance-to-mean ratio of individuals per quadrat is used to determine the:โ Spatial dispersion pattern
Q16. The number of offspring an organism produces is traded off against offspring size because:โ Resources for reproduction are finite
Q17. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) is highest in organisms that:โ Are small with short generation times
Q18. A net reproductive rate (R0) of exactly 1 indicates a population that is:โ Stable (replacement)
Q19. A J-shaped growth curve that suddenly crashes is characteristic of populations experiencing:โ Exponential growth followed by resource depletion
Q20. Match each demographic concept with its description and select the correct option.โ A-iii, B-i, C-ii, D-iv