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1.4 Species Interactions — Test 1
Q1. In which interaction is one species inhibited (harmed) while the other remains unaffected?✓ Amensalism
Q2. A crab carrying a sea anemone on its shell, with both benefiting but able to live independently, illustrates:✓ Proto-cooperation
Q3. Which is NOT an example of an evolutionary arms race (coevolutionary conflict)?✓ Kin recognition
Q4. An inversion of the pyramid of numbers is seen in which relationship?✓ Host-parasite
Q5. A keystone species is best defined as one that:✓ Plays a unique, crucial role disproportionate to its abundance
Q6. The prevention of growth of one organism by a substance released by another is called:✓ Antibiosis
Q7. When one plant releases chemicals that harm competing plants, the interaction is:✓ Allelopathy
Q8. A relationship where one species is adversely affected while the other is unaffected is:✓ Amensalism
Q9. The relationship between barnacles attached to a whale is best described as:✓ Commensalism
Q10. An epiphyte (e.g. orchid) growing on a tree trunk for support is an example of:✓ Commensalism
Q11. In the Lotka-Volterra competition model, two species can coexist stably when:✓ Intraspecific competition exceeds interspecific competition
Q12. In Gause's Didinium-Paramecium experiment, adding a refuge for the prey causes the prey population to:✓ Initially decrease, then recover and stabilise
Q13. An example of commensalism is:✓ An orchid growing on a mango tree
Q14. Grazing by large herbivores can increase plant diversity mainly by:✓ Reducing dominant plants and accelerating nutrient cycling
Q15. A symbiosis benefiting one partner while the other is neither helped nor harmed is:✓ Commensalism
Q16. The Nomeus fish living unharmed among the stinging tentacles of Physalia (Portuguese man-of-war) is an example of:✓ Commensalism
Q17. A keystone predator typically maintains community diversity by:✓ Preying on the dominant competitor, preventing monopolisation
Q18. Which statement about keystone species is INCORRECT?✓ Its influence is proportional to its abundance
1.4 Species Interactions — Test 2
Q19. Ruderal species are typically found in environments with:✓ High disturbance and low competition
Q20. An interaction where both partners benefit is termed:✓ Mutualism
Q21. The Rhizobium-legume root association is an example of:✓ Mutualism
Q22. Lichens (fungus + alga) represent which interaction?✓ Mutualism
Q23. The Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model predicts:✓ Coupled oscillations of predator and prey
Q24. Aposematic (warning) colouration functions to:✓ Warn predators of toxicity
Q25. In Batesian mimicry, a harmless species gains protection by:✓ Resembling a harmful/distasteful model
Q26. A parasitoid differs from a typical parasite because it:✓ Eventually kills its host
Q27. The Red Queen hypothesis explains the host-parasite relationship as:✓ A continual coevolutionary race to maintain fitness
Q28. Interference competition differs from exploitation competition in that individuals:✓ Directly prevent rivals from accessing a resource
Q29. Pollination syndromes (e.g. red tubular flowers attracting birds) result from:✓ Coevolution between plants and pollinators
Q30. Predation is an interaction in which:✓ One organism kills and consumes another
Q31. Two species competing for an identical limiting resource will, per Gause, show:✓ Competitive exclusion of one
Q32. Mycorrhizae (fungus-plant root associations) are an example of:✓ Mutualism
Q33. An evolutionary 'arms race' between predator and prey is an example of:✓ Coevolution
Q34. Match List I (interaction) with List II (effect):✓ A-ii, B-iv, C-i, D-iii
Q35. Protocooperation is distinguished from obligate mutualism because:✓ Partners benefit but can live independently