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1.6 Ecological Succession — Test 1
Q1. Ecological succession is best defined as:✓ The orderly, directional change in community composition over time
Q2. Succession that begins on a bare surface never previously occupied by life (e.g. bare rock, new volcanic land) is:✓ Primary succession
Q3. Secondary succession differs from primary succession in that it:✓ Begins where soil and some life already exist
Q4. The pioneer species in a primary succession on bare rock (xerarch) are usually:✓ Crustose lichens and mosses
Q5. Succession beginning in a water body (e.g. a pond filling in) is termed:✓ Hydrarch (hydrosere)
Q6. The final, relatively stable community that is in equilibrium with the local climate is the:✓ Climax community
Q7. According to the facilitation model of succession, early species:✓ Modify the habitat making it suitable for later species
Q8. In the inhibition model of succession, early colonists:✓ Resist replacement and hold the site until they die or are damaged
Q9. In the tolerance model of succession, later species:✓ Establish regardless of earlier species and tolerate existing conditions
Q10. As succession proceeds from pioneer to climax stage, the total biomass of the community generally:✓ Increases
Q11. The successful establishment of a species in a new area during succession is called:✓ Ecesis
Q12. The very first process of succession, the creation of a bare, lifeless area, is called:✓ Nudation
Q13. 'Reaction' in the process of succession refers to:✓ Organisms modifying the habitat, leading to their own replacement
Q14. Succession driven mainly by external environmental forces (e.g. silt deposition, climate) rather than by the organisms themselves is called:✓ Allogenic succession
Q15. The monoclimax theory of succession holds that in a given climatic region there is:✓ A single climax community determined by climate
Q16. During succession, species diversity typically shows which trend from pioneer to mid-successional stages?✓ It increases
Q17. The correct sequence of basic processes in ecological succession is:✓ Nudation → migration → ecesis → aggregation → reaction → stabilisation
Q18. Match List I (succession term) with List II (meaning):✓ A-iii, B-iv, C-i, D-ii