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1.7 Ecosystem Energy Flow & Productivity — Test 2
Q1. Which ecological pyramid is always upright?✓ Pyramid of energy
Q2. The average percentage of energy transferred from one trophic level to the next is approximately:✓ 10%
Q3. The pyramid of biomass may be inverted in:✓ Oceans
Q4. The net productivity of a stable, closed (climax) ecosystem is approximately:✓ 0
Q5. The fact that energy transfer between trophic levels is only about 10% supports which principle?✓ Second law of thermodynamics
Q6. Among nutrient cycles, which is a truly global (gaseous) cycle?✓ Carbon
Q7. The highest productivity-to-biomass (P/B) ratio is found in:✓ Oceans
Q8. Arrange these ecosystems in increasing order of primary production per unit area: ocean, desert, tropical deciduous forest, tropical rain forest.✓ Ocean < desert < tropical deciduous forest < tropical rain forest
Q9. Rapid nutrient recycling, which sustains high productivity in otherwise nutrient-poor waters, is characteristic of:✓ Coral reefs
Q10. A primary carnivore consumes 40% of the herbivore production and assimilates 70% of what it consumes. The percentage of herbivore production assimilated by the carnivore is:✓ 28%
Q11. The highest assimilation efficiency is generally observed in:✓ Carnivores
Q12. The percentage of photosynthetically active radiation actually used in photosynthesis by plants is approximately:✓ 1-3%
Q13. In the light-and-dark-bottle technique for aquatic productivity, gross primary productivity is estimated as:✓ Light bottle − Dark bottle (L − D)
Q14. The most commonly used method for estimating the primary productivity of a pond involves measuring:✓ Oxygen released (or consumed)
Q15. The detrital (decomposer) pathway of energy flow is most important in:✓ Tropical rain forests
Q16. The ecosystem with the LONGEST average energy transfer time (slowest flow to higher trophic levels) is:✓ Desert
Q17. Arrange the rate of decomposition of these litter constituents in decreasing order:✓ Hemicellulose > cellulose > lignin > phenols
Q18. The Earth remains largely green despite abundant herbivores partly because plants:✓ Produce tough, indigestible biomass with secondary metabolites
Q19. Energy fixed by autotrophs is likely to reach the primary carnivore level in the shortest time in:✓ Open ocean
Q20. Match each concept with its description and select the correct option.✓ A-ii, B-iv, C-i, D-iii