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3.4 Biogeography of Evolution — Test 1
Q1. The 'Serial Endosymbiosis Theory' for the origin of eukaryotic organelles was proposed by:✓ Lynn Margulis
Q2. The disjunct distribution of related groups across South America, Africa, India and Australia is best explained by:✓ Continental drift breaking up Gondwana
Q3. The occurrence of Himalayan flora related to distant regions is best explained by the:✓ Continental drift theory
Q4. Biogeography is the study of:✓ The geographic distribution of organisms in space and time
Q5. Alfred Russel Wallace is best known in biogeography for:✓ Defining major zoogeographic realms and 'Wallace's Line'
Q6. Vicariance biogeography explains disjunct distributions mainly through:✓ The splitting of a once-continuous range by a geographic barrier
Q7. The unique marsupial-dominated mammal fauna of Australia is largely a result of its:✓ Long isolation from other continents after Gondwana broke up
Q8. Endemic species are those that are:✓ Native to and restricted to a particular geographic area
Q9. Oceanic islands typically have biotas characterised by:✓ High endemism and 'disharmonic' (unbalanced) groups due to dispersal filtering
Q10. The northward drift and collision of the Indian plate with Asia is significant biogeographically because it:✓ Allowed faunal/floral exchange and raised the Himalayas
Q11. Wallace's Line is significant because it marks:✓ A sharp boundary between Asian and Australian faunas
Q12. The fossil plant Glossopteris, found across South America, Africa, India, Antarctica and Australia, is evidence for:✓ The former existence of the Gondwana supercontinent
Q13. Allopatric divergence is favoured when populations are separated by a geographic barrier because the barrier:✓ Blocks gene flow, letting populations diverge independently
Q14. The Great American Biotic Interchange occurred when:✓ The Isthmus of Panama connected North and South America, mixing their faunas
Q15. Cosmopolitan species are those that:✓ Are distributed across most regions of the world
Q16. An adaptive radiation on an island archipelago typically results from:✓ A founding lineage diversifying into many niche-specialised species
Q17. Disjunct distributions can arise by either vicariance or dispersal. Dispersal differs from vicariance in that it involves:✓ Organisms crossing a pre-existing barrier to a new area
Q18. Madagascar's highly distinctive fauna, including lemurs, is largely explained by its:✓ Long isolation as an island after separating from other landmasses
Q19. The biogeographic realm that includes Australia, New Guinea and nearby islands, noted for its marsupials, is the:✓ Australian realm