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3.6 Speciation — Test 1
Q1. The formation of two species from a single parent population due to geographical isolation is termed:✓ Allopatric speciation
Q2. The biological species concept CANNOT be applied to:✓ Parthenogenetic (asexual) species
Q3. Species that are morphologically similar but reproductively isolated from one another are termed:✓ Sibling species
Q4. When new species evolve in contiguous yet spatially segregated habitats (with limited gene flow but no complete barrier), the process is called:✓ Parapatric speciation
Q5. Biological species are defined fundamentally on the basis of:✓ Reproductive isolation
Q6. A mode of evolution within a single lineage involving long periods of stasis punctuated by short bursts of rapid change is called:✓ Punctuated equilibrium
Q7. Most new species are formed by the process of:✓ Cladogenesis
Q8. The scientist most associated with the biological species concept is:✓ Ernst Mayr
Q9. Bacteria cannot be classified into species using the biological species concept mainly because they:✓ Reproduce largely asexually
Q10. A group of organisms that can successfully interbreed and produce fertile offspring is termed a:✓ Biological species
Q11. When parasitic bacteria infecting an insect prevent the insects from cross-breeding, the likely evolutionary consequence is:✓ Rapid speciation
Q12. The most important barrier for speciation in sexually reproducing organisms is:✓ Reproductive
Q13. The species concept that stresses the failure of interbreeding to keep populations as distinct species is the:✓ Biological species concept
Q14. Two populations of squirrels evolved on opposite sides of a large canyon, becoming reproductively and geographically isolated. This is an example of:✓ Allopatric speciation
Q15. Around a mine, a grass species shows heavy-metal-tolerant and non-tolerant populations that are continuously distributed (no geographic barrier) but have evolved different flowering times. This is best described as:✓ Parapatric speciation
Q16. Sympatric speciation occurs when:✓ A new species arises within a single continuously distributed population
Q17. The infection of insects by Wolbachia, which makes males with one strain compatible only with females of the same strain, can drive:✓ Reproductive isolation leading to rapid speciation
Q18. Match each reproductive isolation example with its type (prezygotic vs postzygotic). Prezygotic: A. Seasonal (temporal) isolation; B. Stigmatic self-incompatibility. Postzygotic: C. Hybrid inviability; D. F2 breakdown.✓ Prezygotic: A & B; Postzygotic: C & D
Q19. The repeated evolutionary diversification of one ancestral lineage into many species adapted to different niches is called:✓ Adaptive radiation
Q20. Match each species concept with its defining criterion and select the correct option.✓ A-ii, B-iii, C-i, D-iv