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4.1 Inclusive Fitness & Kin Selection — Test 1
Q1. An individual's ability to pass on its genes, both through its own offspring and through the offspring of close relatives, is termed:✓ Inclusive fitness
Q2. The evolutionary process by which an organism helps relatives to increase the overall propagation of shared genes is called:✓ Kin selection
Q3. Hamilton's rule for the evolution of altruism is correctly written as (C = cost, B = benefit, r = relatedness):✓ C < rB
Q4. In Hamilton's rule, the relatedness 'r' refers to the genetic relatedness between:✓ The actor and the recipient of the altruistic act
Q5. An individual A would gain a fitness benefit of 160 units by helping B, at a cost of 50 units to itself. By Hamilton's rule, A should help B only if B is its:✓ Brother or sister
Q6. Brothers A and B share the same father but different mothers. If A incurs a cost of 30 fitness units, by Hamilton's rule A should help B only if the benefit b is:✓ greater than 120
Q7. For individual A to help relative B or C, the benefit and cost are 50 and 20 units. Hamilton's rule shows A should help B but NOT C. The relationships of B and C to A are most likely:✓ B = son, C = nephew
Q8. The benefit and cost of an altruistic act are 40 and 12 fitness units. By Hamilton's rule, A should perform the act only if the recipient is its:✓ Daughter or son
Q9. The genetic relatedness of an individual to its nephew is 0.25. By Hamilton's rule, alleles causing uncles to care for nephews will spread only if the fitness benefit is:✓ More than four times the cost
Q10. Worker honey bees forgo their own reproduction and instead help the queen reproduce. This is best explained by:✓ Kin selection
Q11. In some New World monkeys, only one female in a group reproduces while younger females suppress their own reproduction and help raise her young. This is an example of:✓ Kin selection
Q12. In eusocial Hymenoptera, males are haploid and females diploid. A key consequence of this haplodiploid system is that:✓ A female is more closely related to her full sisters than to her own offspring
Q13. The 75% relatedness among honey bee sisters (versus 50% to their own daughters) arises from:✓ The haplodiploid sex-determination system
Q14. The complex social structure of ants and bees (a queen, sterile female workers, and males) is the best example of:✓ Eusociality
Q15. The development of advanced (eusocial) social behaviour is most closely related to:✓ Genetic relatedness
Q16. Eusocial societies are NOT characterised by:✓ Equal reproductive opportunities for all members
Q17. A queen honey bee is inseminated by equal numbers of sperm from two different males. The average genetic relatedness among her worker daughters will be approximately:✓ 0.5
Q18. Which statement about altruism is INCORRECT?✓ It represents a net gain of direct fitness to the actor
Q19. An interaction in which both the actor and the recipient suffer a fitness cost is termed:✓ Spite
Q20. Match each social behaviour with its effect on the actor and recipient (actor/recipient) and select the correct option.✓ A-ii, B-iii, C-i, D-iv