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4.4 Mating Systems & Sexual Selection — Test 1
Q1. In which mating system is there likely to be the LEAST conflict of interest over reproductive success between the sexes?✓ Monogamy
Q2. Bateman's principle states that:✓ Reproductive variance is greater in males than in females
Q3. The elaborate train of the peacock is a classic example of:✓ Sexual selection
Q4. The long, costly feather train of the peacock is best explained by:✓ Zahavi's handicap principle
Q5. When one parent invests much more in offspring care than the other, the usual evolutionary outcome is:✓ Sexual dimorphism
Q6. Competition for mates and variance in reproductive success is higher among FEMALES than males in which mating system?✓ Polyandry
Q7. Reversed sexual dimorphism (females more ornamented or larger) is expected when there is:✓ Strong male choice and a change in breeding/foraging roles between the sexes
Q8. Male parental care is most expected in species with:✓ Reverse sexual dimorphism
Q9. When both parents contribute equally to parental care, the sexes are generally:✓ Morphologically similar
Q10. Parental care in animals is most often associated with:✓ A smaller clutch size
Q11. Which is NOT a benefit a female gains by adopting polyandry (mating with multiple males)?✓ The ability to produce more offspring than her physiological limit
Q12. In a large, healthy, polygynous ungulate population with a short, distinct mating season, the operational sex ratio (males : females ready to mate) is likely to be:✓ Male > Female
Q13. Honest signalling theory predicts that organisms in poor metabolic condition will:✓ Signal less intensely
Q14. Sexual selection through female choice is favoured partly because:✓ The cost of breeding is higher for females than for males
Q15. Reproductive success is likely to be skewed (unequal among individuals) under all of the following EXCEPT when:✓ Strong pair-bonding occurs
Q16. Which condition is NOT likely to favour monogamy in males?✓ The male wants to spend more time foraging for himself
Q17. When maternal investment per offspring is very high, the expected life-history pattern is:✓ Few reproductive events
Q18. Situations that favour the evolution of monogamy (monogyny) in birds include: A. the male assists the female in rearing offspring; B. the male guards the female against other males.✓ Both A and B
Q19. A relationship between lifetime reproductive success and body size that differs between the sexes is most likely to lead to the evolution of:✓ Sexual dimorphism
Q20. Match each concept with its description and select the correct option.✓ A-ii, B-i, C-iv, D-iii