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4.5 Mimicry & Co-evolution — Test 1
Q1. A non-harmful, palatable species that copies the appearance of a harmful or distasteful species shows:✓ Batesian mimicry
Q2. When two or more genuinely harmful (defended) species evolve to share a similar warning signal, the relationship is:✓ Müllerian mimicry
Q3. If non-poisonous butterflies mimic poisonous ones and the mimics become much more common than the models, the fitness of the model (poisonous) species is:✓ Lowered (negatively frequency-dependent)
Q4. Conspicuous warning coloration that advertises a species' toxicity or distastefulness to predators is called:✓ Aposematism
Q5. When changes in a prey species drive evolutionary changes in its predator and vice versa, the process is termed:✓ Co-evolution
Q6. Which interaction is LEAST likely to drive co-evolution?✓ Commensalism
Q7. The 'Red Queen hypothesis' is most directly related to:✓ An evolutionary arms race between hosts and parasites
Q8. The major reason for the evolution of great diversity in the immune system is thought to be:✓ Co-evolution with pathogens
Q9. When one organism directly influences the evolutionary pace and direction of another (and vice versa), this is:✓ Co-evolution
Q10. Batesian mimicry is most effective when the mimic is:✓ Rarer than the model
Q11. A palatable insect that resembles a stinging wasp, gaining protection without any defence of its own, is an example of:✓ Batesian mimicry
Q12. Camouflage that allows an organism to blend into its background and avoid detection is called:✓ Crypsis
Q13. The Red Queen hypothesis is often used to explain the maintenance of:✓ Sexual reproduction
Q14. Plant-pollinator relationships in which flowers and their pollinators develop closely matched traits are examples of:✓ Co-evolution
Q15. In an evolutionary arms race between a host and a parasite, a successful host defence is typically followed by:✓ A counter-adaptation in the parasite
Q16. An aposematic (warning-coloured) species benefits because predators:✓ Learn to associate its appearance with an unpleasant experience
Q17. The Red Queen hypothesis is supported by which observations: A. a roughly constant rate of extinction over time; D. co-evolution maintains genetic variation through time?✓ A and D
Q18. Müllerian mimicry differs from Batesian mimicry in that, in Müllerian mimicry:✓ All participating species are defended (genuinely harmful)
Q19. A defended prey species is protected from predators that have previously sampled a similar-looking defended species. This benefit is the basis of:✓ Müllerian mimicry
Q20. Match each concept with its description and select the correct option.✓ A-ii, B-i, C-iv, D-iii