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10.1 Diagnostic Biochemistry — Test 1
Q1. Hemolytic anemia under oxidative stress is caused by deficiency of:✓ Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Q2. A mutation causing hyperuricemia, gouty arthritis and urinary stones (Lesch-Nyhan) affects:✓ HGPRT
Q3. The cardiac marker most specific for myocardial infarction is:✓ Troponin
Q4. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is used to assess:✓ Long-term (2-3 month) blood glucose control
Q5. Statins lower cholesterol by inhibiting:✓ HMG-CoA reductase
Q6. Which statements about bilirubin are true? I) waste from haemoglobin breakdown; II) conjugated bilirubin is water-INSOLUBLE; III) unconjugated = indirect; IV) excreted mostly in stool.✓ I, III and IV
Q7. Myoglobin as a cardiac marker is characterised by:✓ Earliest rise but low specificity
Q8. An enzyme that rises later and is also elevated in haemolysis is:✓ Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
Q9. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is most useful as a marker of:✓ Hepatocellular (liver) injury
Q10. Markedly raised serum amylase and lipase suggest:✓ Acute pancreatitis
Q11. Cancer cells favour aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect) for reasons that include:✓ Avoiding ATP feedback inhibition and supplying biosynthetic intermediates
Q12. Statement (S): cancer cells decouple glycolysis from the TCA cycle. Reason (R): the Warburg effect benefits cancer cells. Choose:✓ Both S and R are correct, and R explains S
Q13. Match each marker with the condition it indicates and choose the correct option.✓ A-ii, B-iii, C-i
Q14. The hormone that regulates body iron homeostasis is:✓ Hepcidin
Q15. Unconjugated (indirect) hyperbilirubinemia is typical of:✓ Haemolysis (prehepatic jaundice)
Q16. Conjugated (direct) hyperbilirubinemia with pale stools and dark urine suggests:✓ Obstructive (post-hepatic) jaundice
Q17. Serum creatinine is used mainly as a marker of:✓ Renal (glomerular) function
Q18. CK-MB is a marker that is relatively specific for:✓ Cardiac muscle injury
Q19. Serum cholesterol is decreased in:✓ Thyrotoxicosis
Q20. Alkaline phosphatase is characteristically raised in:✓ Biliary obstruction and bone disease