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10.4 Brain, RBC & Adipose Metabolism — Test 1
Q1. The brain's preferred fuel under normal (fed) conditions is:✓ Glucose
Q2. During prolonged starvation, the brain adapts to use:✓ Ketone bodies
Q3. The brain cannot use long-chain fatty acids because they:✓ Do not cross the blood-brain barrier
Q4. Mature red blood cells depend entirely on ___ for ATP because they lack mitochondria.✓ anaerobic glycolysis
Q5. Red blood cells produce lactate because they:✓ Cannot oxidize pyruvate (no mitochondria)
Q6. Adipose tissue stores energy mainly as:✓ Triglyceride
Q7. During fasting, adipose lipolysis releases fatty acids and glycerol; the glycerol is used by the liver for:✓ Gluconeogenesis
Q8. Match each tissue with its key metabolic feature and choose the correct option.✓ A-iii, B-i, C-ii
Q9. Adipose tissue is now regarded as an endocrine organ because it secretes:✓ Leptin, adiponectin and resistin
Q10. Hormone-sensitive lipase in adipocytes is activated by ___ and inhibited by ___.✓ epinephrine/glucagon; insulin
Q11. The brain's high vulnerability to hypoglycaemia reflects its:✓ Dependence on a continuous glucose supply
Q12. Red blood cells generate 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) to:✓ Promote oxygen release from haemoglobin
Q13. Insulin's effect on adipose tissue is to:✓ Promote triglyceride storage and inhibit lipolysis
Q14. G6PD is especially important in red blood cells because it:✓ Generates NADPH to protect against oxidative damage
Q15. Leptin secreted by adipocytes signals to the brain to:✓ Reduce appetite (satiety)
Q16. Ketone bodies are a useful brain fuel during starvation because they:✓ Are water-soluble and cross the blood-brain barrier
Q17. In the fed state, adipose tissue takes up fatty acids from circulating lipoproteins using:✓ Lipoprotein lipase (activated by insulin)
Q18. Red blood cells cannot use ketone bodies or fatty acids because they:✓ Lack mitochondria
Q19. Adipose-derived hormones that impair insulin sensitivity include:✓ Resistin and RBP4
Q20. The metabolic specialisation of brain, RBC and adipose tissue illustrates that:✓ Different tissues use distinct fuels, coordinated for whole-body homeostasis