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10.5 Muscle, Heart & Kidney Metabolism — Test 1
Q1. Skeletal muscle glycogen serves the muscle itself (not blood glucose) because muscle:✓ Lacks glucose-6-phosphatase
Q2. The Cori cycle links muscle and liver by:✓ Muscle lactate being converted to glucose in the liver
Q3. The preferred fuel of the resting cardiac muscle is:✓ Fatty acids
Q4. The kidney contributes to glucose homeostasis because, like the liver, it can perform:✓ Gluconeogenesis
Q5. The kidney activates vitamin D by:✓ 1alpha-hydroxylation to 1,25-DHC
Q6. The kidney secretes the hormone that stimulates red-cell production, namely:✓ Erythropoietin
Q7. Match each organ with its metabolic feature and choose the correct option.✓ A-iii, B-i, C-ii
Q8. Cardiac troponin release into the blood specifically indicates:✓ Myocardial injury (e.g. infarction)
Q9. Creatinine, used to assess renal function, is derived from:✓ Muscle creatine (and creatine phosphate)
Q10. Creatine phosphate in muscle functions as:✓ A rapid energy buffer for ATP regeneration
Q11. Insulin increases glucose uptake into skeletal muscle by:✓ Translocating GLUT4 to the membrane
Q12. During intense exercise, muscle relies heavily on:✓ Anaerobic glycolysis (producing lactate)
Q13. The kidney also secretes the enzyme/hormone that initiates the blood-pressure-regulating cascade, namely:✓ Renin
Q14. The heart is highly intolerant of ischaemia because it:✓ Depends on continuous oxidative (aerobic) metabolism
Q15. The renal medulla relies substantially on glycolysis because it:✓ Operates in a relatively low-oxygen environment
Q16. In fasting, muscle protein breakdown supplies amino acids that are:✓ Used by the liver for gluconeogenesis (e.g. via alanine)
Q17. The kidney's role in acid-base balance includes:✓ Excreting H+ and regenerating bicarbonate
Q18. After a meal, cardiac muscle can also use ___ as a fuel.✓ glucose (and lactate)
Q19. Renal endocrine functions include all of the following EXCEPT:✓ Secretion of insulin
Q20. Integrated tissue metabolism ensures that, across muscle, heart, kidney and other organs:✓ Fuels are partitioned and recycled (e.g. Cori cycle) to maintain whole-body energy balance