2.4 Catalytic Receptors (Tyrosine Kinase, Guanylyl Cyclase, JAK-STAT)

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Welcome! 2.4 Catalytic Receptors (Tyrosine Kinase, Guanylyl Cyclase, JAK-STAT) — 20 questions, CSIR-NET style.

What this test covers

Receptor tyrosine kinases (insulin, IGF-1, NGF)
Tyrosine-kinase-ASSOCIATED receptors (GH, prolactin, leptin → JAK-STAT)
Guanylyl cyclase (ANP receptor; NO → cytosolic)
cGMP as second messenger

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2.4 Catalytic Receptors (Tyrosine Kinase, Guanylyl Cyclase, JAK-STAT) — Test 1

Q1. The insulin receptor is best described as a:✓ Tetramer (two alpha + two beta subunits) with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity

Q2. When insulin binds its receptor, the immediate molecular event is:✓ Autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues on the beta subunits

Q3. Growth hormone uses a receptor that spans the membrane but does NOT itself have tyrosine kinase activity. It instead:✓ Associates with JAK kinases (tyrosine-kinase-associated receptor)

Q4. Which receptor protein spans the plasma membrane but does NOT contain intrinsic protein-kinase activity?✓ Growth hormone receptor

Q5. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) acts through a receptor that has intrinsic:✓ Guanylyl cyclase activity (generating cGMP)

Q6. Nitric oxide (NO) acts via:✓ Cytosolic (soluble) guanylyl cyclase to raise cGMP

Q7. The second messenger generated by both ANP and NO signalling is:✓ cGMP

Q8. Match each hormone with its receptor/signalling type and choose the correct option.✓ A-ii, B-iii, C-i

Q9. The downstream transcription factors activated by JAK kinases (e.g. after growth-hormone binding) are the:✓ STAT proteins

Q10. The leptin receptor, like the growth-hormone receptor, signals through:✓ An associated (JAK) tyrosine kinase

Q11. In the insulin receptor, the subunit that binds insulin on the OUTSIDE of the cell is the:✓ alpha subunit

Q12. Which of the following hormones uses a tyrosine-kinase-type mechanism?✓ Insulin

Q13. Some receptor tyrosine kinases (e.g. the NGF receptor) are monomers that, on ligand binding:✓ Dimerize, then activate their intrinsic kinase

Q14. Activation of guanylyl cyclase converts:✓ GTP to cyclic GMP

Q15. The cytokine-receptor (JAK-STAT) family characteristically includes the receptors for:✓ Growth hormone, prolactin and leptin

Q16. In type 2 diabetes / obesity, impaired insulin signalling is associated with:✓ Decreased number/sensitivity of insulin receptors (downregulation)

Q17. Somatomedin C, which mediates many actions of growth hormone, acts on a receptor that is a:✓ Tyrosine kinase (IGF-1 receptor)

Q18. cGMP-mediated vascular smooth-muscle relaxation underlies the action of:✓ Nitric oxide (and nitrate drugs)

Q19. Which statement correctly contrasts insulin and growth-hormone receptors?✓ Insulin receptor has intrinsic kinase; GH receptor associates with JAK

Q20. A second messenger that, unlike cAMP, is produced by a receptor with intrinsic cyclase activity binding a peptide is exemplified by:✓ cGMP produced by the ANP receptor