5.3 Actions of Thyroid Hormone

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5.3 Actions of Thyroid Hormone — Test 1

Q1. Thyroid hormone increases basal metabolic rate partly by increasing the synthesis of:✓ Na+/K+-ATPase (raising O2 consumption)

Q2. Maturation of the central nervous system requires thyroid hormone especially in the:✓ Perinatal period

Q3. Thyroid hormone increases the heart's responsiveness to catecholamines by upregulating:✓ β1-adrenergic receptors

Q4. Serum cholesterol is typically DECREASED in:✓ Thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism)

Q5. In thyroid hormone deficiency in children, bone age is:✓ Less than chronological age

Q6. Overall, the effect of thyroid hormone on protein metabolism at high levels is:✓ Catabolic (net protein breakdown)

Q7. Match each thyroid action with its description and choose the correct option.✓ A-ii, B-i, C-iii

Q8. Thyroid hormone affects O2 consumption and BMR in all tissues EXCEPT:✓ Brain, gonads and spleen

Q9. Hyperthyroidism in adults characteristically causes:✓ Hyperexcitability, weight loss and heat intolerance

Q10. Hypothyroidism in adults characteristically causes:✓ Lethargy, weight gain and cold intolerance

Q11. Thyroid hormone promotes bone formation by acting synergistically with:✓ Growth hormone and somatomedins

Q12. On carbohydrate metabolism, thyroid hormone tends to:✓ Increase glucose absorption and glycogenolysis/gluconeogenesis

Q13. Excess thyroid hormone can cause high-output heart failure because it:✓ Increases heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output

Q14. Untreated congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism) leads to:✓ Irreversible mental and growth retardation

Q15. A useful adjunct therapy to control the cardiovascular symptoms of hyperthyroidism is:✓ A β-adrenergic blocker (e.g. propranolol)

Q16. Thyroid hormone's effect on lipolysis is to:✓ Increase it (mobilising fatty acids)

Q17. The respiratory effect of thyroid hormone is to:✓ Increase ventilation rate (to deliver more O2)

Q18. In hypothyroidism, the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in tissues causes:✓ Myxoedema (non-pitting puffiness)

Q19. Thyroid hormone has many actions resembling those of the sympathetic nervous system mainly because it:✓ Upregulates β-adrenergic receptors

Q20. The overall metabolic effect of thyroid hormone is best summarised as:✓ Increased basal metabolic rate and calorigenesis