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5.4 Thyroid Pathophysiology — Test 1
Q1. Goitre (thyroid enlargement) is linked to disease of the:✓ Thyroid gland
Q2. Graves disease (hyperthyroidism) would be expected to show:✓ Increased T3/T4 with exophthalmos and goitre
Q3. In Graves disease, blood levels of which substance are DECREASED?✓ Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Q4. The autoimmune cause of hypothyroidism with goitre is:✓ Hashimoto thyroiditis
Q5. Match each thyroid disorder with a key feature and choose the correct option.✓ A-iii, B-ii, C-i
Q6. Propylthiouracil treats hyperthyroidism by inhibiting:✓ Thyroid peroxidase (blocking hormone synthesis)
Q7. Radioactive iodine (131-I) treats hyperthyroidism by:✓ Being concentrated in the thyroid and destroying overactive tissue
Q8. In primary hypothyroidism, the laboratory pattern is:✓ High TSH with low free T4
Q9. Exophthalmos (bulging eyes) is a feature of:✓ Graves disease
Q10. Cretinism results from:✓ Congenital hypothyroidism (untreated)
Q11. Treatment of hypothyroidism is with:✓ Thyroid hormone replacement (levothyroxine)
Q12. In hyperthyroidism, nitrogen balance is typically:✓ Negative (catabolic)
Q13. A patient with weight gain, cold intolerance, bradycardia and a high TSH most likely has:✓ Primary hypothyroidism
Q14. Endemic goitre is most often caused by:✓ Dietary iodine deficiency
Q15. Thyroid storm (severe thyrotoxicosis) is managed with measures that include:✓ Antithyroid drugs, β-blockers and supportive care
Q16. Which best distinguishes Graves disease from a toxic adenoma on antibody testing?✓ TSH-receptor stimulating antibodies are present in Graves
Q17. In long-standing iodine deficiency, hormone levels and TSH are typically:✓ Low/low-normal hormone with raised TSH
Q18. Drooping eyelids, myxoedema and mental slowness are features of:✓ Hypothyroidism
Q19. Why is TSH the most useful single screening test for thyroid dysfunction?✓ It changes early and inversely with thyroid hormone in primary disease
Q20. A patient with low TSH, high free T4, diffuse goitre and eye signs most likely has:✓ Graves disease