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6.3 Glucocorticoid & Mineralocorticoid Actions — Test 1
Q1. Cortisol raises blood glucose mainly by:✓ Stimulating gluconeogenesis (and protein catabolism)
Q2. Cortisol exerts anti-inflammatory effects partly by inducing lipocortin, which inhibits:✓ Phospholipase A2 (reducing eicosanoid synthesis)
Q3. Cortisol released in response to stress leads to:✓ Mobilization of free fatty acids
Q4. Cortisol suppresses immunity by inhibiting:✓ IL-2 production and T-lymphocyte proliferation
Q5. Cortisol maintains vascular responsiveness to catecholamines by:✓ Upregulating α1 receptors on arterioles
Q6. Decreased blood volume increases aldosterone secretion through the:✓ Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Q7. Match each action with its hormone and choose the correct option.✓ A-ii, B-i
Q8. Aldosterone acts on the late distal tubule/collecting duct to:✓ Increase Na+ reabsorption and K+/H+ secretion
Q9. Angiotensin II stimulates aldosterone by acting on the:✓ Zona glomerulosa
Q10. Hyperkalemia directly stimulates secretion of:✓ Aldosterone (which then promotes K+ excretion)
Q11. Glucocorticoids increase gluconeogenesis substrate by:✓ Increasing protein catabolism in muscle and lipolysis
Q12. In pharmacologic doses, glucocorticoids are used to:✓ Prevent transplant rejection / suppress inflammation
Q13. The action of aldosterone to increase renal H+ secretion occurs at the:✓ α-intercalated cells of the late distal tubule/collecting duct
Q14. An ACE inhibitor lowers aldosterone by:✓ Decreasing angiotensin II production
Q15. Cortisol's permissive action means that:✓ It enables full responses to other hormones (e.g. catecholamines)
Q16. Aldosterone increases renal Na+ reabsorption by inducing synthesis of:✓ Na+ channels and Na+/K+-ATPase
Q17. Which best describes the metabolic effect of cortisol on adipose tissue?✓ Decreases glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity; increases lipolysis
Q18. Cortisol inhibits the release of histamine and serotonin from:✓ Mast cells and platelets
Q19. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is activated chiefly by:✓ Decreased renal perfusion pressure (low blood volume)
Q20. Which statement contrasts cortisol and aldosterone correctly?✓ Cortisol is mainly metabolic/anti-inflammatory; aldosterone mainly controls Na+/K+/H+