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7.3 Insulin & Glucagon Actions — Test 1
Q1. The overall metabolic effect of insulin is:✓ Anabolic — promotes storage of glucose, fat and protein
Q2. Insulin lowers blood glucose largely by promoting glucose uptake into:✓ Muscle and adipose tissue (via GLUT4)
Q3. In the liver, insulin promotes:✓ Glycogen synthesis and lipogenesis
Q4. Insulin's effect on adipose tissue is to:✓ Promote fat storage and inhibit lipolysis
Q5. Glucagon's overall metabolic effect is:✓ Catabolic — raises blood glucose and mobilizes fat
Q6. Match each hormone with its action on the liver and choose the correct option.✓ A-ii, B-i
Q7. Insulin promotes protein metabolism by:✓ Stimulating amino-acid uptake and protein synthesis
Q8. Insulin can be used to treat acute hyperkalemia because it:✓ Drives K+ into cells via Na+/K+-ATPase
Q9. During fasting, the dominant hormone and its effect are:✓ Glucagon — mobilizing glucose and ketones
Q10. Which tissues take up glucose independently of insulin?✓ Brain, liver and red blood cells
Q11. Glucagon's effects are mediated by cAMP and target chiefly the:✓ Liver
Q12. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose output by:✓ Suppressing gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis
Q13. In pregnant women, insulin has been proposed to act as a:✓ Fetal growth factor
Q14. The action of insulin opposite to that of glucagon on glycogen is to:✓ Activate glycogen synthase (storage)
Q15. After a carbohydrate meal, the integrated response is:✓ High insulin, low glucagon -> glucose storage
Q16. Glucagon promotes gluconeogenesis partly by inhibiting the conversion of:✓ Phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate (inhibits pyruvate kinase) in the liver
Q17. Insulin deficiency leads to ketoacidosis because:✓ Unrestrained lipolysis floods the liver with fatty acids, raising ketone production
Q18. Which hormone increases the insulin:glucagon ratio?✓ A rise in blood glucose (stimulating insulin, suppressing glucagon)
Q19. Epinephrine and glucagon both raise blood glucose, but epinephrine can also act on muscle because:✓ Muscle has adrenergic receptors (but no glucagon receptors)
Q20. The reciprocal actions of insulin and glucagon ensure:✓ Stable blood glucose across fed and fasting states