10.3 Cancer Genetics & Chromosome-Instability Syndromes — Test 1

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10.3 Cancer Genetics & Chromosome-Instability Syndromes — Test 1

Q1. The first recognised oncogene was:✓ v-Src

Q2. The first tumour-suppressor gene to be discovered was:✓ RB (retinoblastoma gene)

Q3. The most commonly mutated tumour-suppressor gene in human cancers is:✓ p53

Q4. Which gene is often called the 'guardian of the genome'?✓ p53

Q5. A normal gene that can become an oncogene through mutation or over-expression is a:✓ Proto-oncogene

Q6. Genes whose activation can cause cancer are called:✓ Oncogenes

Q7. Cells are more likely to become tumorigenic (immortal) if:✓ Telomerase activity is abnormally high

Q8. A key route to the immortalisation of cancer cells in many tumours is:✓ Reactivation of telomerase

Q9. According to the two-hit model, hereditary retinoblastoma develops when:✓ Both RB alleles are non-functional

Q10. Knudson's two-hit hypothesis implies that the RB mutation, at the cellular level, behaves as:✓ Recessive (both copies must be lost)

Q11. Inheritance of a mutant BRCA1 or BRCA2 allele leads to:✓ All of the above

Q12. The term 'chromothripsis' is most closely related to:✓ Carcinogenesis (cancer)

Q13. Which is NOT associated with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML)?✓ A spurious 'African Y chromosome'

Q14. Tumour-suppressor genes are commonly inactivated in cancer by:✓ Promoter hypermethylation and loss of heterozygosity

Q15. Which of the following is NOT a chromosome-instability syndrome?✓ Klinefelter syndrome

Q16. A hereditary human disease associated with defective DNA repair and chromosome instability is:✓ Bloom's syndrome

Q17. A rare autosomal-recessive disease appears in a child although only one parent is a carrier. The best explanation is:✓ Uniparental disomy

Q18. An individual with two or more genetically different cell lines, all derived from a single zygote, is a:✓ Mosaic

Q19. Two mouse strains that are genetically identical except for a single locus or small region are said to be:✓ Congenic

Q20. Match each cancer gene/term with its description and select the correct option.✓ A-ii, B-i, C-iv, D-iii