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11.4 Genome Editing, Gene Therapy & Applied Genomics — Test 1
Q1. CRISPR-Cas9 is a molecular tool used primarily for:✓ Gene editing
Q2. The natural CRISPR-Cas system functions as a form of:✓ Adaptive immunity in prokaryotes
Q3. The first human gene therapy (1990), performed on a girl with severe combined immunodeficiency, corrected a defect in which enzyme?✓ Adenosine deaminase (ADA)
Q4. A common viral vector used for in vivo gene delivery is the:✓ Adenoviral (or adeno-associated viral) vector
Q5. Oncolytic viruses are used in cancer gene therapy because they:✓ Selectively replicate in and kill cancer cells
Q6. Germline gene therapy would, in principle, correct a defect in:✓ The affected individual and all descendants
Q7. Which inherited disease is a recognised target for gene therapy?✓ Cystic fibrosis
Q8. Which virus is NOT typically used as a gene-therapy vector?✓ Polyomavirus
Q9. Human insulin 'Humulin' is produced by:✓ Genetically engineered bacteria
Q10. The first human hormone produced commercially by recombinant DNA technology was:✓ Insulin
Q11. The β-carotene biosynthesis introduced into 'Golden Rice' uses genes partly derived from the bacterium:✓ Erwinia uredovora
Q12. Genetically engineered 'Golden Rice' is enriched in:✓ β-carotene (provitamin A)
Q13. The Bt gene from Bacillus thuringiensis, coding for the Bt toxin, protects crops from:✓ Insect pests
Q14. More than 95% of existing transgenic animals are:✓ Mice
Q15. Dolly the sheep was genetically (nuclear-DNA) identical to:✓ The ewe that supplied the udder-cell nucleus
Q16. Synteny refers to:✓ Local conservation of gene order along chromosomes
Q17. If two species show regions of conserved synteny, their orthologous genes are:✓ In the same order along the chromosome
Q18. The recommended core DNA barcodes for plants (Plant Working Group, CBOL) are:✓ rbcL and matK
Q19. Co-dominant molecular markers (e.g. SSR, RFLP) are preferred over dominant markers (e.g. RAPD) for mapping because they:✓ Distinguish heterozygotes from homozygotes
Q20. Match each item with its description and select the correct option.✓ A-ii, B-i, C-iv, D-iii