2.1 Cells of the Immune System — Test 1

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Welcome! 2.1 Cells of the Immune System — Test 1 — 20 questions, CSIR-NET style.

What this test covers

Haematopoietic origin; myeloid vs lymphoid lineages
Phagocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes, NK cells
Helper/cytotoxic/regulatory T cells; B/plasma cells
APCs, dendritic cells, memory; innate vs adaptive

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2.1 Cells of the Immune System — Test 1

Q1. All cells of the immune system ultimately derive from:✓ Haematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow

Q2. The two main lineages arising from haematopoietic stem cells are the:✓ Myeloid and lymphoid lineages

Q3. Lymphocytes (T, B and NK cells) belong to which lineage?✓ The lymphoid lineage

Q4. Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) belong to which lineage?✓ The myeloid lineage

Q5. The cells that bridge innate and adaptive immunity by capturing antigen and activating T cells are:✓ Dendritic cells

Q6. Which cell is the principal antibody-secreting effector cell?✓ Plasma cell

Q7. Which cells are the principal phagocytes of the immune system?✓ Neutrophils and macrophages

Q8. Natural killer (NK) cells are best classified as:✓ Innate lymphoid cells that kill without prior sensitisation

Q9. T and B lymphocytes are distinguished from innate cells by their:✓ Antigen-specific receptors generated by gene rearrangement

Q10. Mast cells and basophils are central to:✓ Allergic (type I) reactions via IgE and histamine release

Q11. Monocytes are circulating cells that, upon entering tissues, become:✓ Macrophages (and some dendritic cells)

Q12. Helper T cells (CD4⁺) function mainly to:✓ Coordinate immune responses by helping B cells, CTLs and macrophages

Q13. Cytotoxic T cells (CD8⁺) are specialised to:✓ Kill virus-infected and tumour cells displaying antigen on MHC I

Q14. Eosinophils are particularly important in defence against:✓ Helminth (worm) parasites

Q15. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) function to:✓ Suppress immune responses and maintain self-tolerance

Q16. The cells of the innate immune system are characterised by using:✓ Germline-encoded pattern-recognition receptors

Q17. Memory lymphocytes are important because they:✓ Respond faster and more strongly on re-exposure to antigen

Q18. Antigen-presenting cells (dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells) are unified by their ability to:✓ Present antigen on MHC class II to CD4 T cells

Q19. Platelets, although primarily involved in clotting, also contribute to immunity by:✓ Releasing mediators that promote inflammation and recruit immune cells

Q20. Match each immune cell with its primary role and select the correct option.✓ A-iii, B-i, C-iv, D-ii