5.6 Lymphocyte Development — Test 1

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5.6 Lymphocyte Development — Test 1

Q1. B-lymphocyte development in mammals takes place in the:✓ Bone marrow

Q2. T-lymphocyte development takes place in the:✓ Thymus

Q3. Positive selection of thymocytes selects cells that:✓ Can recognise self-MHC (ensuring MHC restriction)

Q4. Negative selection of thymocytes removes cells that:✓ Bind self-antigen too strongly (potentially autoreactive)

Q5. Double-positive (CD4⁺CD8⁺) thymocytes are found mainly in the:✓ Thymic cortex

Q6. Central tolerance refers to the elimination/inactivation of self-reactive lymphocytes in the:✓ Primary lymphoid organs (thymus and bone marrow)

Q7. Peripheral tolerance mechanisms include all of the following EXCEPT:✓ Positive selection in the thymus

Q8. The transcription factor AIRE promotes tolerance by:✓ Driving expression of peripheral self-antigens in the thymic medulla

Q9. The earliest checkpoint in B-cell development tests a productive rearrangement of the:✓ Heavy chain (via the pre-B-cell receptor)

Q10. A thymocyte that recognises self-peptide–MHC with intermediate affinity may become a:✓ Regulatory T (Treg) cell

Q11. The order of TCR gene rearrangement in the thymus is:✓ β chain first, then α chain

Q12. Failure of central tolerance can lead to:✓ Autoimmunity

Q13. Immature B cells that strongly bind self-antigen in the bone marrow may undergo:✓ Receptor editing or clonal deletion

Q14. The cytokine essential for early lymphocyte (B and T) development is:✓ IL-7

Q15. Cells that fail positive selection in the thymus die by:✓ Apoptosis ('death by neglect')

Q16. The lineage decision between CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ single-positive T cells depends on:✓ Whether the TCR recognises peptide on MHC class II or class I

Q17. Mature naive lymphocytes exported from primary organs are:✓ Antigen-inexperienced cells awaiting their specific antigen

Q18. The thymic medulla is the principal site of:✓ Negative selection (with AIRE-driven self-antigen expression)

Q19. A child with thymic aplasia (e.g. complete DiGeorge syndrome) would most likely have:✓ Severely deficient T cells but present B cells

Q20. The sites of maturation of B cells and T cells are, respectively:✓ Bone marrow and thymus

Q21. T lymphocytes originate from haematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow but complete their maturation in the:✓ Thymus

Q22. Match each developmental event/feature with its description and select the correct option.✓ A-iii, B-ii, C-i, D-iv