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8.1 Hypersensitivity β Test 1
Q1. Hypersensitivity reactions are best described as:β Exaggerated or inappropriate immune responses causing tissue damage
Q2. Type I (immediate) hypersensitivity is mediated by:β IgE bound to mast cells and basophils
Q3. The mediator released immediately on mast-cell degranulation in type I reactions is:β Histamine
Q4. Anaphylaxis is a severe, systemic form of which hypersensitivity type?β Type I
Q5. Type II hypersensitivity is caused by:β Antibody (IgG/IgM) directed against cell-surface or matrix antigens
Q6. A classic example of type II hypersensitivity is:β Haemolytic disease of the newborn / transfusion reactions
Q7. Type III hypersensitivity is caused by:β Deposition of antigenβantibody (immune) complexes in tissues
Q8. Serum sickness and the Arthus reaction are examples of which hypersensitivity type?β Type III
Q9. Type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity is mediated by:β Sensitised T cells (and macrophages), not antibody
Q10. The tuberculin (Mantoux) skin test is an example of:β Type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity
Q11. Contact dermatitis (e.g. to nickel or poison ivy) is which hypersensitivity type?β Type IV
Q12. The 'late-phase' reaction in type I hypersensitivity, occurring hours after exposure, is due to:β Recruited eosinophils and newly synthesised mediators
Q13. The first-line emergency treatment for anaphylaxis is:β Adrenaline (epinephrine)
Q14. A condition in which antibody stimulates a receptor (e.g. Graves disease) is best classified as:β Type II hypersensitivity (antibody altering function)
Q15. Immune complexes cause tissue damage in type III reactions chiefly by:β Activating complement and recruiting neutrophils at deposition sites
Q16. Allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and atopic asthma are predominantly:β Type I hypersensitivity
Q17. Which hypersensitivity type is the only one NOT mediated by antibody?β Type IV
Q18. Sensitisation in type I hypersensitivity refers to:β First exposure generating allergen-specific IgE that arms mast cells
Q19. A skin reaction read at 48β72 hours after antigen application, showing induration, indicates:β A delayed (type IV) hypersensitivity response
Q20. A child stung by a bee develops respiratory distress within minutes and loses consciousness. This reaction is mediated by:β IgE antibody
Q21. Comparing anaphylactic (type I) and immune-complex (type III) reactions, which statement is most accurate?β Less antigen is typically needed to trigger a type I than a type III reaction
Q22. The principal difference between type II and type III hypersensitivity is:β Whether antibody reacts with antigen on a cell (II) or with soluble antigen forming complexes (III)
Q23. A patient with severe asthma gets no relief from antihistamines. The symptoms are most likely caused by:β Leukotrienes
Q24. A patient treated with penicillin G for two weeks develops fever, a maculopapular rash and proteinuria. If immunologic, this is most likely mediated by:β IgG and complement (immune complexes)
Q25. IgE-mediated (type I) hypersensitivity requires all of the following EXCEPT:β Neutrophils
Q26. IgE molecules attach to mast cells via their:β Constant (Fc) region
Q27. Histamine released by mast cells causes all of the following EXCEPT:β High fever
Q28. The immunoglobulin involved in type I hypersensitivity is:β IgE
Q29. The Arthus reaction is an example of which hypersensitivity?β Localised immune-complex (type III)
Q30. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is involved in which hypersensitivity type?β Type II
Q31. Type IV hypersensitivity is also known as:β Delayed-type hypersensitivity
Q32. Which hypersensitivity is the only class triggered by antigen-specific T cells?β Type IV (delayed)
Q33. Type II hypersensitivity is best described as mediated by:β Antibody (IgG/IgM) directed against cell-surface or matrix antigens, with complement
Q34. Hypersensitivity caused by deposition of soluble antigenβantibody complexes is classified as:β Type III
Q35. Poison-oak (contact) dermatitis and the contact-sensitivity form of penicillin hypersensitivity are both examples of:β Delayed-type (type IV), cell-mediated hypersensitivity
Q36. Cross-linking of IgE on the surface of mast cells leads to:β Type I hypersensitivity
Q37. Maternal antibodies that cross the placenta to the fetus are of which class?β IgG
Q38. Which statement about graft rejection is correct?β MHC (HLA) differences play a central role in rejection
Q39. What is the function of an antihistamine?β It blocks histamine action by binding histamine receptors
Q40. Match each hypersensitivity type with its mechanism/example and select the correct option.β A-ii, B-iv, C-i, D-iii