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8.3 Autoimmunity β Test 1
Q1. Autoimmunity results from:β A breakdown of self-tolerance leading to immune attack on self-antigens
Q2. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterised by autoantibodies against:β Nuclear antigens such as double-stranded DNA
Q3. Myasthenia gravis is caused by autoantibodies against the:β Acetylcholine receptor at the neuromuscular junction
Q4. Graves disease causes hyperthyroidism because autoantibodies:β Stimulate the TSH receptor
Q5. Type 1 diabetes mellitus results from autoimmune destruction of:β Insulin-producing Ξ² cells of the pancreas
Q6. Molecular mimicry contributes to autoimmunity when:β A microbial antigen resembles a self-antigen, so anti-microbial responses cross-react with self
Q7. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects the:β Synovial joints
Q8. Hashimoto thyroiditis typically leads to:β Hypothyroidism from immune destruction of thyroid tissue
Q9. Organ-specific autoimmune diseases differ from systemic ones in that they:β Target antigens confined to a particular organ
Q10. A defect in regulatory T cells (e.g. FoxP3 mutation, IPEX) tends to cause:β Widespread autoimmunity
Q11. Many autoimmune diseases show strong associations with particular:β HLA (MHC) alleles
Q12. Autoimmune diseases are generally more common in:β Women than men
Q13. Rheumatic fever, which can damage the heart, is a classic example of autoimmunity caused by:β Molecular mimicry following streptococcal infection
Q14. Autoantibodies that form immune complexes and deposit in tissues cause damage by a mechanism most like:β Type III hypersensitivity
Q15. Epitope spreading in autoimmunity refers to:β The immune response broadening to additional self-epitopes over time
Q16. A general principle of treating autoimmune disease is to:β Suppress or modulate the damaging immune response
Q17. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease in which the target is:β The myelin of the central nervous system
Q18. Failure of AIRE function predisposes to autoimmunity because:β Self-antigens are not adequately expressed in the thymus for negative selection
Q19. Which laboratory finding is most useful in diagnosing systemic lupus erythematosus?β Antinuclear and anti-dsDNA antibodies
Q20. In several immunoinflammatory/autoimmune conditions, regulatory control is impaired, often reflected by:β Reduced regulatory/cytotoxic T-cell suppression allowing autoreactivity
Q21. Match each autoimmune disease with its principal target and select the correct option.β A-ii, B-i, C-iv, D-iii