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1.2 Gene Architecture & Pseudogenes β Test 1
Q1. The 'C-value paradox' states that:β Protein-coding gene number is NOT proportional to genome size
Q2. What is a pseudogene?β A non-functional copy resembling a functional gene
Q3. Which of the following are correctly included in eukaryotic non-coding DNA? i) introns ii) pseudogenes iii) simple-sequence DNA iv) mobile genetic elementsβ All of i, ii, iii and iv
Q4. The C-value refers to:β Total DNA content of a haploid genome
Q5. Highly repetitive DNA forming clusters up to ~20 kb, with repeat units of 15β100 bp, are called:β Minisatellites
Q6. The Cβt curve is best described as a method that:β Compares the complexity and amount of repetitive DNA in genomes
Q7. A processed pseudogene is distinguished from its parent gene by:β Lacking introns and often carrying a poly(A) tract, having arisen by reverse transcription of mRNA
Q8. The mammalian Ξ²-globin gene cluster, with several related genes arranged together, is an example of a:β Gene family (gene cluster)
Q9. A 'gene superfamily' refers to:β A large group of genes related by descent but often dispersed and functionally diverse
Q10. Which feature is characteristic of the mitochondrial genome in most animals?β Small, circular, compact with few or no introns
Q11. Split genes (genes interrupted by introns) are characteristic of:β Eukaryotes (and some archaea/organelles)
Q12. Microsatellites (short tandem repeats, STRs) typically have repeat units of:β 1β6 base pairs
Q13. Organelle (mitochondrial and chloroplast) genomes support the endosymbiotic theory because they:β Resemble bacterial genomes (circular DNA, 70S ribosomes, own rRNA/tRNA)
Q14. A non-processed (duplicated) pseudogene typically:β Retains the intronβexon structure of its parent but carries inactivating mutations
Q15. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes are usually present in the genome as:β Tandemly repeated multiple copies (moderately repetitive)
Q16. The fraction of the human genome that codes for protein is approximately:β About 1.5β2%
Q17. Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs) used in early DNA fingerprinting correspond to:β Minisatellites
Q18. Which statement about introns is correct?β They are transcribed but removed by splicing before translation
Q19. Gene families arise primarily through:β Gene duplication followed by divergence
Q20. Chloroplast DNA differs from nuclear DNA in that it is typically:β Circular, multiple copies per organelle, and not packaged with histones