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4.1 Protochordata — Test 1
Q1. The stomochord (buccal diverticulum) is present in:✓ Balanoglossus
Q2. Urochordates (tunicates) lose which structure during retrogressive metamorphosis?✓ The notochord and tail
Q3. The excretory organ of Herdmania is the:✓ Neural (renal) accumulation in the test, lacking true kidneys
Q4. In Cephalochordata (Amphioxus), the myomeres function in:✓ Locomotion (swimming)
Q5. Hatschek's groove (and pit) is found in:✓ Amphioxus
Q6. Retrogressive metamorphosis occurs in:✓ Urochordata
Q7. The endostyle, a glandular groove in the pharynx of protochordates, is considered homologous to the vertebrate:✓ Thyroid gland
Q8. Amphioxus belongs to the group:✓ Cephalochordata
Q9. In Amphioxus, the notochord is unusual because it:✓ Extends right up into the head region
Q10. Which one is NOT a characteristic of the phylum Chordata?✓ An amniotic (cleidoic) egg
Q11. The four basic chordate characters are a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits and a:✓ Post-anal tail
Q12. The larval tunicate is important because it shows that urochordates are true chordates by having a:✓ Notochord and dorsal nerve cord in the tail
Q13. Balanoglossus (acorn worm) is placed in the group:✓ Hemichordata
Q14. Pharyngeal (gill) slits in protochordates function primarily in:✓ Filter feeding (and gas exchange)
Q15. Protochordates are important in evolution because they:✓ Show the origin of basic chordate features
Q16. The notochord is a flexible rod that functions to:✓ Provide axial support for the body
Q17. Urochordates are commonly called tunicates because the adult is covered by a:✓ Tunic (test) made of tunicin
Q18. The protochordates as a group are:✓ Marine animals lacking a vertebral column
Q19. Amphioxus is regarded as a connecting link between:✓ Invertebrates and vertebrates
Q20. In the lamprey and Amphioxus, the endostyle traps food and also concentrates:✓ Iodine (linking it to the thyroid)