In the study of microbiology and host‑pathogen interactions, the concept of an immunogen is fundamental to understanding how the mammalian immune system recognizes and responds to foreign substances. This article provides a clear, academically structured explanation of Immunogens vs Antigens…
The Classical Pathway of Complement Activation is one of the most important mechanisms of the immune system. It acts as a bridge between adaptive immunity (antibodies) and innate immunity (complement proteins).This pathway is called classical because it was the first…
The complement system is a crucial component of the immune system that serves as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. It consists of a group of plasma proteins that circulate in an inactive form and become activated in response…
The immune system protects the body from infections using a complex network that includes not only lymphoid organs but also various cells, molecules, and physical barriers. Lymphoid organs are specialized and well-organized tissues that form essential components of the immune…
The immune system is our body’s natural defense network. It keeps us safe from harmful bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. To do this effectively, it uses a division of labor, where different cells and organs have specialized roles. Let’s learn…