All Modules
1.1 Evolution and Classification of Cells
Cell theory · Prokaryotes · Eukaryotes · Endosymbiotic theory
✓ Included
1.2 Cellular Diversity: Structure and Function
Prokaryotic · Eukaryotic · Viral structure · Cell size
✓ Included
2.1 Membrane Structure and Composition
Lipid bilayer · Fluidity · Lipid rafts · Glycoproteins
✓ Included
2.2 Membrane Proteins
Integral vs peripheral · Transmembrane topology · RBC ghost cells
✓ Included
2.3 Transport Across Membranes
Diffusion · Active transport · Ion pumps · ABC transporters
✓ Included
2.4 Bulk Transport
Pinocytosis · Phagocytosis · Receptor-mediated endocytosis
✓ Included
2.5 Membrane Potential and Cellular pH
Ion distribution · Osmotic balance · Transepithelial transport
✓ Included
3.1 Cell Adhesion Molecules
Cadherins · Integrins · Selectins · Immunoglobulin superfamily
✓ Included
3.2 Cell Junctions
Desmosomes · Tight junctions · Gap junctions
✓ Included
4.1 ECM Components
GAGs · Collagen · Elastin · Fibronectin · Basal laminae
✓ Included
5.1 Microtubules
Tubulin · Dynamic instability · Cilia and flagella
✓ Included
5.2 Microfilaments (Actin)
G-actin · F-actin · Myosin motors · Cell motility
✓ Included
5.3 Intermediate Filaments
Keratins · Vimentin · Lamins · Nuclear lamina
✓ Included
5.4 Cytoskeletal Organization
Accessory proteins · Cell shape · Morphogenesis
✓ Included
6.1 The Nucleus
Nuclear envelope · Chromatin · Nucleolus · Polytene chromosomes
✓ Included
6.2 Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER · Signal peptide · Protein folding · Glycosylation
✓ Included
6.3 Golgi Apparatus
Protein processing · N-linked and O-linked glycosylation
✓ Included
6.4 Protein Trafficking and Secretion
Secretory pathway · SNARE proteins · Exocytosis
✓ Included
6.5 Lysosomes and Endosomal System
Lysosomal enzymes · Endocytic pathway · Digestion
✓ Included
6.6 Peroxisomes
Fatty acid oxidation · Glyoxysomes
✓ Included
7.1 Mitochondrial Structure
Membranes · Mitochondrial genome · Protein import
✓ Included
7.2 Oxidative Phosphorylation
Citric acid cycle · ETC complexes · ATP synthase
✓ Included
7.3 Mitochondrial Dynamics
Fusion · Fission · Mitochondrial motility · MAMs
✓ Included
8.1 Chloroplast Structure and Photosynthesis
Photosystem I & II · Calvin cycle · Light reactions
✓ Included
9.1 Principles of Cell Signaling
Signal types · Ligands · Receptor classes
✓ Included
9.2 Intracellular Receptors
Steroid receptor signaling · Nuclear localization
✓ Included
9.3 G-Protein Coupled Receptors
cAMP · PKA · IP3-Ca2+ · Vision and olfaction
✓ Included
9.4 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
Ras/MAPK · PI3K/Akt · JAK-STAT pathway
✓ Included
9.5 Other Signaling Pathways
cGMP · Nitric oxide · Arachidonic acid metabolites
✓ Included
9.6 Signaling Regulation
Protein phosphatases · Proteolysis-regulated signaling
✓ Included
10.1 Cell Cycle Phases and Overview
G1, S, G2, M phases · G0 quiescence · DNA replication licensing
✓ Included
10.2 Cell Cycle Regulation
Cyclins · CDKs · APC/C and SCF · Cohesins
✓ Included
10.3 Cell Cycle Checkpoints
G1/S checkpoint · Rb protein · p53 · Spindle checkpoint
✓ Included
10.4 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Prophase · Metaphase · Anaphase · Telophase · Contractile ring
✓ Included
10.5 Meiosis
Meiosis I & II · Crossing over · Chromosome reduction
✓ Included
11.1 Apoptosis
Extrinsic pathway · Intrinsic pathway · Bcl-2 · Caspases
✓ Included
11.2 Cell Death Regulation
Neurotrophic factors · IAPs · Senescence
✓ Included
12.1 Molecular Basis of Cancer
Hallmarks of cancer · Oncogenes · Tumor suppressors · p53
✓ Included
12.2 Cancer Development
Multi-hit hypothesis · Genomic instability · Metastasis · EMT
✓ Included
13
2 sub-topics
Protein Targeting and Quality Control
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13.1 Protein Sorting and Targeting
Signal sequences · TOM/TIM · Nuclear localization signals
Soon
13.2 Protein Quality Control
Chaperones · ERAD · Ubiquitin-proteasome · Autophagy
Soon
14
2 sub-topics
Cellular Culture and Techniques
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14.1 Cell Culture
Culture media · Primary culture · Cell lines · 3D systems
Soon
14.2 Cytotoxicity and Viability Assays
MTT assay · LDH assay · Apoptosis detection
Soon
15
4 sub-topics
Experimental Methods in Cell Biology
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15.1 Microscopy Techniques
Light · Phase-contrast · Fluorescence · Confocal · EM
Soon
15.2 Cell Separation and Analysis
Cell fractionation · Flow cytometry · Cell sorting
Soon
15.3 Molecular Tracing and Detection
Autoradiography · Immunocytochemistry · Western blot
Soon
15.4 Functional Studies
siRNA · CRISPR/Cas9 · RNAi screens · Yeast two-hybrid
Soon